Step-by-Step Quick Guide: How Solar Panels Work

1. Sunlight Activation

• Solar panels are installed on your roof or other suitable locations where they can receive maximum sunlight.

• When sunlight hits the solar panels, the photovoltaic (PV) cells within the panels absorb the light energy.
  

2. Photovoltaic Effect

• The PV cells in the solar panels are made of semiconductor materials, usually silicon.

• When the sunlight strikes these cells, it excites electrons, causing them to move. This movement generates a flow of electric current.
  

3. Generation of Direct Current (DC) Electricity

• The movement of electrons through the semiconductor material creates direct current (DC) electricity.

• DC electricity flows in a single direction, which is not suitable for most household appliances.
  

4. Conversion to Alternating Current (AC)

• The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is sent to a solar inverter.

• The solar inverter converts DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the standard form of electricity used in homes and businesses.
  

5. Distribution to the Home

• The AC electricity is then sent from the inverter to your electrical panel (also known as a breaker box).

• From the electrical panel, the electricity is distributed throughout your home to power your lights, appliances, and other electronic devices.
  

6. Utility Meter and Grid Connection

• If your solar panel system produces more electricity than you need, the excess electricity is sent back to the grid through your utility meter.

• The utility meter records the amount of electricity you send to the grid, and you may receive credits from your utility company, known as a feed-in tariff.
  

7. Optional Solar Battery Storage

• If you have a solar battery installed, any excess electricity can be stored in the battery for later use.

• This stored electricity can be used during the night or on cloudy days when your solar panels aren’t producing electricity.
  

8. Monitoring and Maintenance

• Most solar panel systems come with a monitoring system that allows you to track the performance of your panels and ensure they are working efficiently.

• Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the panels and checking the system for any issues, helps keep your solar power system running smoothly.

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